What is a mental model?
It is an explanation of how something works. It is a framework, concept, or worldview that helps you to better understand the world around you. In general, mental models are adapted from individuals with a history of successful outcomes implementing these models, integrated from science, or engineering.
For example, systems thinking – the 5th Law of Critical Thinking – is a model that describes when you think about the entire system at once. By thinking about the overall system, you are more likely to notice the nuances between different parts of the system that could have potentially lead to unintended consequences from you decisions. Put simply, by zooming out and looking at the bigger picture, you may notice new aspects of the system that you didn't notice before when you were zoomed in and focusing on only one part.
These models aid in guiding your behavior as you navigate the world around you. They are a critical tool similar to logic that will help you to make better decisions. Each model is unique in its design and what scenarios they are best suited for. For example, some models are designed to be applicable more broadly, while others are highly specified. Each will give you a new way of analyzing the world and enhance your critical thinking proficiency.
It is important to note that mental models are best implemented when you have many stored away in your mental Rolodex. That is, there is no singular model that provides a complete description of how to best navigate every scenario that you come across in your life. When properly incorporated with the other facets of critical thinking (i.e., logic, cognitive biases, science, etc.), mental models will further benefit you in the pursuit of optimal decision making.
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